Tay Sachs Is Fatal Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

By 2 years, Dj responded to auditor cues more than ocular 1s. He no longer could keep up his caput or perform simple activities such as turning the pages of a book.Nystagmus and a â€Å" cherry ruddy † was noticed by the paediatric eye doctor by so which would farther assist in his diagnosing. We will write a custom essay sample on Tay Sachs Is Fatal Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now By this clip, he had regressed to a six months developmental degree ; his balance and vision were truly acquiring worse. At 2yrs, Dj was diagnosed with Tay Sachs by the brain doctor after his changeless visits and ratings. After this diagnosing a Deoxyribonucleic acid analysis for DJ was done to seek to happen the exact defect. A ruddy cell and leucocyte hex A degrees for his parents was done every bit good, to corroborate that both of them were bearers which was proven three hebdomads subsequently. The exact mutant in DJ could non be found which was non a surprise as more than 50 known mutants for this disease be but the research labs in the United States routinely trial for merely nine of the most common 1s. By two and a half old ages, his weight increased from 20 pounds at 2yrs to 25 lbs and he grew a few inches taller. At this pointing clip he had ictuss and experient minutes of agitating when being moved. Excess mucous secretion began constructing up in his pharynx which would subsequently after his lungs and external respiration. He was placed on Diamox for 6 months by so which aided him a spot with grow. His get downing physiological reactions weakened and congestion increased. He was besides placed on a tranquillizer which assisted in diminishing his shudders. By 3 year, he used a suction machine to take the extra mucous secretion so that he could be fed passed. His developments were being delayed further and he developed pneumonia as he became more susceptible to infections. As Dj turned four old ages, he no longer ate chiefly by oral cavity, but took repasts through a NG tubing. Although he did non take medicine to command his ictuss, he now took three medicines daily for other symptoms of the disease: A DiamoxA to cut down the force per unit area on his encephalon, A RobinulA to command extra secernments, andA ZantacA to command the sourness in his stomach.DJ was by no agencies lethargic or vegetive which is common for kids around that age enduring from the disease. He was alert for most of the twenty-four hours, and he moved himself around a batch, turned his ain caput and stretched his organic structure at will. He was really loose, and did non hold a job with contractures or palsy. By 5yrs, DJ received his repasts and medicines through his NG months.A He took three medicines daily for symptoms of the disease: A DiamoxA ( acetazolamide ) to cut down the force per unit area on his encephalon, A robinulA ( glycopyrrolate ) to command extra secernments, andA ativanA ( Ativan ) to assist him kip at dark. He retained some scope of motion eg.turning his ain caput, yawning and stretching his whole organic structure. His parents exercised his carpuss and pess more as they tended to drop down. Daily therapy was given to him by his parents which assisted in diminishing his ictus episodes and retaining some physical motion. Due to limited gesture he developed force per unit area sores as he invariably slept on one side of his organic structure. As small Dj approached his sixth birthday he started holding jobs such stiffness with contractures. It became really hard for him to make certain actions such as dividing his articulatio genuss or conveying his custodies away from his thorax as his shoulder blades would lift when his weaponries were lifted. He was still undergoing physical therapy in order to seek opening up his thorax to do it easier for him to take a breath. Gentle scope of gesture exercisings for his pess and custodies were done to loosen up the articulation in these countries. He experienced acidic belch as good which was discomforting for him. A few yearss before his birthday, Dj became one more statistic for Tay sachs. 1Today, most patients are seen in households with no anterior history of the disease because the recessionary cistron can be carried without being expressed through many coevalss. Carrier testing and familial guidance have made this disease rare in those at known hazard. While there are certain populations at higher hazard, A anyoneA can be a Tay-Sachs bearer. Pathogenesis and Symptoms Tay sachs is a fatal autosomal recessionary familial upset in kids that causes the progressive devastation of the cardinal nervous system due to mutants in the HEXA cistron which encodes the alpha sub unit of the lysosomalA enzymeA beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase A. ( 3 ) In order to get the disease, both parents must be bearers of this mutauted HEX A which is to be inherited by an progeny. Possessing the 2 mutated HEX A is identified to be a 1 in 4 opportunity or 25 % .TheA HEXAA cistron provides instructions for doing portion of the enzyme beta-hexosaminidase A, which plays a of import portion in the encephalon and spinal cord. This enzyme is located in lysosomes which is why the disease is classified as a lysosomal storage disease or GM2 gangliosidosis. ( 2 ) Within the lysosomes, beta-hexosaminidase A helps interrupt down a fatty substance GM2 ganglioside. Mutants in theA HEXAA cistron disrupt the activity of beta-hexosaminidase A, which prevents the enzyme from interrupting down GM2 ganglioside. As a consequence, this substance accumulates to toxic degrees, peculiarly in nerve cells in the encephalon and spinal cord. Progressive harm caused by the buildup of GM2 ganglioside leads to the devastation of these nerve cells, which causes the marks and symptoms of Tay-Sachs disease.[ 2 ] Tay Sachs have been linked to about 90 mutants in the HEX A cistron with increasing Numberss. The type of mutants range from point mutants, omissions, splicing site mutants and many others. ( 1 ) Any of these mutants will merely increase the GM2 in the cells suppressing the map of the enzyme hexosaminidase.[ 3 ]A A four base brace interpolation inA exonA 11 ( 1278insTATC ) consequences in an alteredA reading frameA for the HEXA cistron. This mutant is the most prevailing mutant in the Ashkenazi Jewish population, and leads to the childish signifier of Tay-Sachs disease.[ 4 ]A mutant that is unrelated to the prevailing Ashkenazi mutant, a long sequence omission, occurs with similar frequence in households with Gallic Canadian lineage, and has the same pathological effects.This depicts that the fluctuations in the different mutants may hold similar symptoms. The different mutants may besides impact the type of Tay sachs which occurs. Three different types of Tay sachs has been identified ; childish, juvenile and grownup oncoming. Each is characterized by assorted mutants at different phases of the life rhythm. The assorted types and symptoms associated with them as are follows: Childish TSD: InfantsA withA Tay-Sachs diseaseA appear to develop usually for the first six months of life. Then, asA nerveA cells become distended with gangliosides, a grim impairment of mental and physical abilities occurs. The kid becomes blind, deaf, and unable to swallow.A MusclesA get down to atrophy andA paralysisA sets in. Death normally occurs before the age of five.[ 5 ] Late oncoming or Adult Onset ( LOTS ) ; seen in people between their 20s and 30s. This type is normally non-fatal and is seen due to diverse mutant forms. At first, the patient is heterozygous for the mutated cistron later developing two mutated HEXA cistrons that can demobilize, inhibit or change the actions of the hexosamamidase enzyme. This therefore illustrates that one time the patient has one transcript of the HEXAA geneA that still enables some hexosaminidase A activity, a ulterior onset signifier of the disease occurs. The symptoms typically are dysarthria, A proximalA ( bole ) A musculus failing, A tremorandA ataxy. Muscle spasms, particularly in the legs at dark, andA fasciculationsA ( musculus vellication ) are common. Not all symptoms are present in every person affected by the disease ; failing of the proximal musculuss, nevertheless, is a symptom common to all. Examples of trunk musculus failing may include trouble lifting from a sitting place, problem acquiring out of bed, fighting to equilibrate while acquiring dressed. Symptoms ofmanic-depressionA orA psychoticA episodes may be present in approximately 30 % of affected individuals.[ 6 ] Juvenile TSD ; mutants are similar to that found in the grownup onset type of TSD except that the disease occurs between the ages of 2 to 10 normally. This signifier of TSD is highly rare. They develop cognitive, motor, address, andA get downing troubles, ataxy and spasticity. These patients normally die between 5-15 old ages. Diagnosis During gestation, many antenatal trials can be used to name Tay-Sachs in the foetus before birth such as Amniocentesis and Chorionic Villus Sampling ( CVS ) .[ 7 ]Between the 10th and 12th hebdomads of gestation, an anticipant female parent can acquire a chorionic villus sampling, or CVS, in which a little sample of the placenta is drawn into a needle or a little tubing for analysis. A reddish topographic point in the dorsum of the oculus is displayed and is clearly seeable when viewed by an eye doctor or an oculist. In childish TSD patients, parents normally notice developmental holds but baby doctors frequently dismiss these concerns as normal slow developments. Around 10-14 months of age, TSD patients exhibit problem trailing or concentrating their eyes, which leads to an ophthalmologist visit. The reddish topographic point is rapidly seen and an initial diagnosing of Tay-Sachs or similar annihilating disease is made. Genetecist and brain doctor can normally name this disease every bit good due to the complications noted. Children with Juvenile Tay-Sachs or late oncoming TSD OR grownup TSD with chronic complications normally take a longer clip period to be diagnosed. . Many affected kids and grownups express assorted emotions when eventually acquiring a diagnosing. The enzyme check is a biochemical trial that measures the degree of enzyme in a individual ‘s blood. Babies, kids and grownups have low or non-existent degrees of Hex-A in their organic structure fluid and cells are diagnosed with Tay-Sachs. Low or non-existent degrees of Hex A enzyme will be noted in this disease.[ 8 ] An enzymatic trial can besides be done in order to look into the degree of enzymes in the blood. The public presentation of the HexA cistron can be checked in the serum and leucocytes. Treatment Tays Sachs has no remedy. The patients are merely treated in a mode which can help them in being comfy for the remainder of their lives. In add-on to this, household support can be given to assist the household members cope with the effects of this disease. Each of these intervention methods can be seen in our sample instance of small Dylan. Such methods are as follows ; 1 ) Medicines: used to forestall ictuss. Such medicines are tranquillizers, diamox ( for encephalon force per unit area alleviation ) , robinul ( extra secernment control e.g the extra mucous secretion ) 2 ) Respiratory attention: Tay-Sachs disease normally leads to an accretion of mucous secretion in the lungs. To cut down the sum of mucous secretion nowadays, thorax physical therapy ( CPT ) can be done. Parents of kids enduring from the disease are trained to transport out CPT. 9Children with Tay-Sachs disease are at high hazard of respiratory infections, which affect the lungs and cause external respiration jobs, and need to be carefully monitored and provided with prompt intervention. 3 ) Use of assistive devices: As seen in the instance of Dj, get downing physiological reactions weaken as the disease progresses doing it rather hard when feeding. Devicess can be used in order to feed the patients as the nutrient or fluid may come in the lungs doing sever respiratory jobs once more. The devices used are:[ 10 ] Nasogastric ( NG ) tubing this is a tubing inserted through the olfactory organ to the tummy. Transdermal Esophago-Gastrostomy ( PEG ) tubing PEG tubings are placed through the venters into the tummy during a surgical process that is normally done by a physician specializing in gastroenterology or radiology. This option is more lasting than the NG tubing. 4 ) Physical Therapy:[ 11 ]Physical therapy for musculus and joint stimulation which increases flexibleness and scope of gesture. This is done by rub downing the affected organic structure parts. This helps detain joint stiffness or contractures cut downing or detaining the loss of map or the hurting that can ensue from contractures. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.djhomepage.com/ hypertext transfer protocol: //ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/tay-sachs-disease hypertext transfer protocol: //www.goldbamboo.com/topic-t2982-a1-6Tay-Sachs_Disease.html hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ntsad.org/ hypertext transfer protocol: //www.mayoclinic.org/tay-sachs-disease/treatment.html hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tay % E2 % 80 % 93Sachs_disease hypertext transfer protocol: //kidshealth.org/parent/medical/genetic/tay_sachs.html # hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ntsad.org/S02/S02TS_diag.htm How to cite Tay Sachs Is Fatal Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Dramatic significance of this extract from The Crucible Essay Example For Students

Dramatic significance of this extract from The Crucible Essay Throughout the history of mankind, the misapplication of power, marring of souls has been a part of life. Human emotion is a major factor in prejudice, politics and persecution in modern day. Persecution can be defined in many ways, but no matter how it is defined it is a tragic event. The Crucible is a play set in 1692 in Salem, Massachusetts, written by Arthur Miller in 1953. It is based on the calamitous, witch trials of Salem, at which two young girls deceitfully accused a slave, Tituba of witchery. As a result callous accusations flew from every direction in the town resulting in almost two-dozen innocent men and women hanged and many more jailed. The extract I am studying lays the foundations for the rest of the play, upon which the story line is built on. It is in the first act and comprises the first three pages of the play. The excerpt shows the audience the first lies told in the play by Abigail It were a sport, uncle Betty Parris is still unconscious and is thought to be possessed by spirits. Abigail is denying any suspicion of her conjuring spirits. She is opposing against her uncle, saying he has mistaken himself of what he saw in the forest, You mistake yourself uncle. Her Uncle Rev Parris is determined to get to the bottom of this fiasco, due to the fact that his place in society is at stake, and his daughters life is at stake. From the passage we can see some light shed on the characters. These characteristics stick with each of them throughout the play. The two main characters in the extract are Abigail Williams and Rev Parris. The first act establishes the primary characters of the play who instigate the Salem witch trials. Each has his particular obsessions and motivations that drive him to push for the trials. The first and perhaps most reprehensible of these characters is the Reverend Samuel Parris, a man who symbolises the particular quality of moral repression and paranoia that characterise these trials. Miller immediately establishes Parris, as a man whose main concern is his daughter, for whom he shows little emotion. It is Tituba who shows more concern for Betty Parris My Betty be hearty soon? , than her father who rules this household. When he discusses finding Abigail and Betty dancing in the woods, his concern is not the sin that they committed, but rather the possibility that his enemies may use this sin against him .. for surely my enemies will, and they will ruin me with it. Parris will manifest a sharp paranoia concerning enemies, even when they may not exist. The particular quality of Parris that renders him dangerous is his strong belief in the presence of evil; even before the witchcraft paranoia, Procter indicates that Parris showed an obsession with damnation and hell in order to strike fear into his parishioners. With the seeming presence of witchcraft in Salem, Parris now has a concrete, physical manifestation of the evil he so fears. Abigail is a seventeen-year-old niece of Rev. Parris. She is malicious, caniving and a vengeful girl, who in an attempt to protect herself from punishment, instigates the Salem Witch trials and leads the charge of accusations. We see in the excerpt, that Abigail has no real regret of conjuring up spirits and will persevere to any lengths to discharge her name of witchcraft. She uses techniques such as sympathy, and acting to address the matter brought up by Rev. Parris. These two techniques are emphasised throughout the play during Abigails time in court and while talking to John Procter and the jury. Reverend Samuel Parris is depicted as weak, paranoid Do you understand that I have my enemies? and suspicious in the extract. He instigates the witchcraft paranoia when he finds his daughter and niece dancing in the woods with several other girls. Parris as a result is continually beset with fears that others conspire against him. .u17ac98c76a54abda4324d61bae0efec1 , .u17ac98c76a54abda4324d61bae0efec1 .postImageUrl , .u17ac98c76a54abda4324d61bae0efec1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u17ac98c76a54abda4324d61bae0efec1 , .u17ac98c76a54abda4324d61bae0efec1:hover , .u17ac98c76a54abda4324d61bae0efec1:visited , .u17ac98c76a54abda4324d61bae0efec1:active { border:0!important; } .u17ac98c76a54abda4324d61bae0efec1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u17ac98c76a54abda4324d61bae0efec1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u17ac98c76a54abda4324d61bae0efec1:active , .u17ac98c76a54abda4324d61bae0efec1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u17ac98c76a54abda4324d61bae0efec1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u17ac98c76a54abda4324d61bae0efec1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u17ac98c76a54abda4324d61bae0efec1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u17ac98c76a54abda4324d61bae0efec1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u17ac98c76a54abda4324d61bae0efec1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u17ac98c76a54abda4324d61bae0efec1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u17ac98c76a54abda4324d61bae0efec1 .u17ac98c76a54abda4324d61bae0efec1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u17ac98c76a54abda4324d61bae0efec1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: To what extent are Conflict and Love inextricably linked in the play 'Romeo and Juliet' by William Shakespeare? EssayWe see that in the extract even though he ironically does not believe Abigail about doing dancing and witchcraft I saw it! ,, he perpetuates all deception due to the fact that it is in his own self interest. This does show us the audience, that Rev Parris is not trustworthy as, if he can hide such a sinister thought of such from the community, he maybe holding many others, just to keep as Reverend of the town. From the characters in this play, I feel Arthur Miller does want the audience to create abstract ideas from them. One character in particular, which is not mentioned in the extract, but is an influential character in the play is John Procter. I feel Miller uses The Crucible to express his views on what was happening in America when the play was written in 1950s. The Red Scare was result of Senator McCarthy wanting to receive public attention, through an anti-Soviet Campaign which searched for people working among others that believed in communist views or someone who might know of such a person became a common act. This crusade itself was based upon non-existent claims that some workers were communists. The hunting down and persecuting of supposed communists were a mere attempt to increase Senator McCarthys political base. But just like Abigail Williams, his grip on the situation soon crumbled, leaving him disturbed and dishonoured. Arthur Miller engages the audience to a large extent, by toying with their emotions and allowing the audience to think about historical context of the play. For example at the end of each act Miller draws the curtain on the girls firing frenzy and false accusations of witchcraft against many women in Salem. Leaving the audience with climax at the end of each act enhances the play to be like a soap opera. This ensures that the audience gets deeper and deeper into the storyline. I feel, for a director to produce this play on stage is a huge task. Climatic scenes would have to be dealt with carefully to keep the audience interested, and the detail of the characters thought carefully to produce the full effect of this play. An extract such as the one given to me has to be analysed and such things as, lighting, sound, music, and actor look have to be taken in mind if the extract is to be produced successfully.

Consider the way genre conventions are used in the opening sequence of Blade Runner Essay Example

Consider the way genre conventions are used in the opening sequence of Blade Runner Paper Blade Runner was made in 1982 and was directed by Ridley Scott. Made a long time after the classic Noir film making period of the forties and fifties, this neo noir sci-fi thriller was a bricolage of genres and highly original. Described as visually overwhelming, this movie has become a cult classic, and there are few films that have managed to achieve its originality, mood and suspense. The narrative is typical Noir set in a dystopian future Los Angeles. Disillusioned blade Runner Rick Deckard (Harrison Ford) is hired to track down six replicants (more commonly thought of as androids or robots) who are out of control. Typically labyrinthine, as the narrative continues it picks up the femme fatal and other trade marks of classic forties detective fiction, as Deckard stumbles after his quarry in a tough, tough, world. The scene I am looking at is the introduction, the opening sequence of Blade Runner. It is key because it suggests things to the audience through the genre conventions it uses, because the audience will recognise them. Noir opening sequences are very dramatic usually. They create a feeling of claustrophobia and impending doom. They are often what makes a noir stand out and are re-used in other films, for instance the Coen brothers Blood Simple was almost exactly the same as the opening to Double Indemnity, and it is the kind of classic noir opener that is often seen in other films of the genre. Also the opening of any film sets the mood, tone and, most importantly, the expectations of the audience. I am going to explore the genre conventions that are used in the opening sequence, especially the noir conventions, and look at how they are used, and to what effect. I will also look at audience expectations, and how the conventions used create them. We will write a custom essay sample on Consider the way genre conventions are used in the opening sequence of Blade Runner specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Consider the way genre conventions are used in the opening sequence of Blade Runner specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Consider the way genre conventions are used in the opening sequence of Blade Runner specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Genre is a term often just associated with classification. It is a lot more than that. Each film genre has its own set of conventions that distinguishes it from other films from other genres and builds expectations within the audience. Inflecting those expectations or subverting and merging them with others does alter an audiences perception of the film. Phillip Drummond says They (genres) respond to rules and conventions by developing formulas and patterns of theme, character and iconography (the repertory of visual motifs) He also states that genres need to stay the same to survive, and also, for precisely the same reason, need to retain the possibility of innovation and change Blade Runner is an example of such innovation and change. All these conventions and rules form a language which the viewer learns through years of watching film, and subconsciously reads. Each genre has its own language, a set of symbols and conventions which distinguish it from other genres. My approach to the study will be an iconography approach to genre study, as it embraces not only looking at classification but the way a film looks, its language, and its continuity and change. There are other conventions such as sound which must be considered, and things like character stereotypes, narrative structure and themes that its harder to explore in one scene. Foster Hirsch describes Film Noir as as a descriptive term for the American crime film as it flourished, roughly from the early forties to the late fifties It became known as Noir because of its dark look, a look that came from the German expressionist movement. It created its own conventions, and created a whole new style of lighting, low-key lighting. Low key lighting was a style where the main characters wouldnt always be lit up in full, and would not only leave many parts of their face and body in shade, but also parts of the set and scenery. It was a dark image that created a world full of contrasting patterns of light and dark and would create a dark, tense, claustrophobic and secretive atmosphere. It wasnt just a style, or a technique to create suspense, but symbolic representation of a dark reality. A scared reflection of a modern world that lacked morals. Where people always seemed to be I the dark because of lack of knowledge, or because they were secretly greedy and lustful. It represented hidden emotions and a clash between good and evil that was almost daily. The film doesnt just use Noir conventions. From the outset it is clear that science fiction has big role to play as the sequence opens up with a scrolling text. This is a most common part of sci-fi, that even without such words as replicant and Blade Runner to highlight the genre, we understand that it has been used in such sci-fi greats as Star Wars, and that it is an essential part of informing the audience of the setting of the sci-fi. The script, however, is in red this hints at the types of emotions the film is going have in it, such as anger and lust, but also tells us that it isnt going to be like Star Wars and the others, and will have a different edge to it. The text sets other expectations as well, of the narrative. It tells that a Blade Runner (and what a Blade Runner is) will be hunting down what are in essence outlaws, giving the audience an idea of what other genres the film will be drawing on. It could be interpreted as a western, but sounds like one of the more classic chases of the noir crime genre. The lone detective in a world of deceit and lies trying to find the truth. Next we are given the date and location. While the fact that is 2019 tells us it is Sci-fi, the location of Los Angeles is most definitely the site of most crime stories, and a classic Noir location. Also the hero is a world weary cynic, as up to this point he had been retired, so he knows his stuff. This is the classic hero/anti-hero that noir loves to use. The slow moving tracking shot of the city is the next thing that appears, and it to has its Noir elements. While it is most definitely a futuristic setting, it is also dystopian. Film Noirs world is almost indefinitely dark, as this city is. The world of Noir is not just dark, it is a setting for lust, greed, mystery and corruption. This city is the kind of opening shot most Noir directors would have dreamt of. It has many levels, which could be symbolic of the different levels of corruption in this city, and it is also massive. It is perplexingly complex, yet almost totally dark. This wide angle establishing shot is breath-takingly presented in the first few moments, yet what the eye is drawn to the most is the large bursts of flame appearing from different parts of the screen. Fire is a classic symbol of Noir, standing for corruption, burning anxiety and Hell, where most of the characters in this film are headed for, or so it suggests. The fiery colour are juxtaposed to the blackness, and make an interesting contrast. It is not only symbolic therefor, but also a device to create mood and suspense. The next thing that strikes us is a sort of lying car, obviously a land mark of the future, and something that has become a classic symbol of sci-fi. It is not just that though, as the theme of escape has always been one a the very heart of noir. The actual doing it is always in question, as noir is a fatalist genre where it seems that the characters cant escape their eventual fate. The car is not just a symbol of that escapist theme, but is also seemingly moving away from the city (the place always to escape from), and is a more actual than just symbolic reference to escape. Earth looks like a dispiriting place that people would want to escape from, probably to the off earth colonies. The images created make the city seem threatening, a place where people are trapped and doomed, and this is also a major part of noir. Not just a theme, but a feel, an atmosphere that is created. From this opening we know that the opposite of this world an agrarian paradise would be the utopia that would be the place to escape to. Again the colonies seem to provide that answer, they are places where there is space, somewhere to be able to see things, somewhere better to live. It then cuts to a blue eye with fire reflected in it, juxtaposed with the colour of the eye to a startling effect, and also used as a symbolic reference to film Noir. We have no idea who the eye belongs to at this point, but we assume one of the main characters. The eye is not just an interesting opening sequence device to shake up the mood, but a running theme throughout the film. Not only that but it is an allusion to one of the central themes of Noir, the act of seeing. Vision as a whole is a theme often in question, how it can be clouded, whether characters see what they want to see, and in a dark genre such as Noir, the actual physical, and not just metaphorical, act of seeing becomes a central preoccupation of the viewer. Before this shot the tracking shot didnt seem have any destination, but we cut back to the tracking shot and our attention is drawn to pair of large, triangular buildings with white beams of light coming from the top. The chiaroscuro pattern of light and dark recurs throughout noir, and these make a classic symbol. As J. A Place and L. S Peterson describe in Some visual motifs of Fil Noir it is the constant opposition of light and dark that characterises noir cinematography. Small areas of light seem on the verge of being totally overwhelmed by the darkness that threatens from all sides. And this is exactly what we can see here. It is towards these we now head. Because of the expectations created by the opening sequence so far, the audience already has a certain understanding of what is going to happen. Not just in the narrative, but in what the expect to see. Remembering the shot of the flying car, the viewer will probably realise, now we have a destination, that we seem to be on o ne these. That is was is taking us to our apparent destination of the two buildings, and the shot can now be recognised as having some practical relevance to the film. It is not just some grandiose sci-fi opener, but an integral part of the film, accustoming the audience to the feel of the film, and the world they are entering. This very continues the custom of Noir openings, where you are placed in the world of the characters, either by being in a car in the rain (Blood Simple, Coen Brothers 1983, Double Indemnity, Billy Wilder 1944) or by travelling the seedy back streets of the inner city in another way. This time we are just travelling above. We cut back to a medium shot of a man standing in a smoky room, extremely reminiscent of a private detectives office. It is small, cramped badly lit, and the unnerving sound of a huge fan whirring. The fan is a classic symbol of Noir because of the way it emphasises the claustrophobia of cramped spaces, and because it has a knack of creating the image of jail with a juxtaposed pattern of light and dark splashed across small walls. It does its job well here, and not only creates a enclosed atmosphere in seconds, but really does add to the Noir feeling of the film. Of course it looks out of place, as the so far we have seen nothing but futuristic images, albeit unpleasant ones. This image is obviously contrasted with the others so sharply to create a shock. It is at this point that the audience get their first proper idea of genre mixing, as well as the possibility of archetypal characters appearing, and certain narrative conventions being followed. This is true, and there is a lot of noir conventions that appear throughout the film, but the old set up against a futuristic backdrop is indicative of the film itself. Its set is a mixture of superior technological advancements set in an almost industrial age city, which cramped living style and industrial smear reminds you of something from Oliver Twist, or gangster movies set during the Great Depression. Ridley Scott managed to use Noir conventions to create this dystopian vision. The connotations that this Noir imagery carries are important in helping the audience pre-determine the narrative, recognise the themes, and creating a mood. We cut back to the approach to the building until we settle inside the office. Then we again cut back to the approach. We can see the office through a window, as well as the building it is situated in. Up close it is a grimy, metallic, but definitely futuristic in its design. We cut back to the office, and see that it has a table and two chairs. A computers voice opens the scene introducing one of the characters with his name, occupation and how long hes worked. The edge interview that follows is typically Noir. There are long pauses, awkward silences, and interviewed character is very defensive. The interviewer is shot at the end when the interviewee delivers a line that carries all the hidden threat and innuendo that a bad guy would want to carry in a Noir. Let me tell you about my mother. The non-diegetic music running through the entire opening sequence shout sci-fi, it is dreamy and electronic, a winding piece that fits perfectly with the setting and establishes a very futuristic and dystopian mood. As a film student I have been able to recognise many elements of the opening that suggest the mixture of Noir with Sci-Fi. These images and clues were put their purposefully and were supposed to let the viewer know the nature of the film within minutes. It is questionable, however, to whether this theory is correct, and whether it is possible to tell such things from a film language. The film was slated when it first came out, and did appallingly at the box office. This could be due to peoples expectations being focused totally on the Sci-Fi element of the film from the beginning because they missed the signs. Then when the film did not conform to their expectations the were disappointed. I use myself as a perfect example, as when I watched when I was younger I was very confused by the lack of action in the film and did not pick up on the Noir elements. Ultimately, though, that is because of my lack of knowledge of Noir at the time. The beauty of the film is that it confuses expectations from the very start and does not promise anything specific, other than the fact that you know it will have elements in from both noir and sci-fi. We have already read from the opening that the future appears to be bleak and threatening, and yet many elements from the past have survived. We also have expectations of the characters and the narrative from the opening dialogue. It is all picked up through an understanding of the language of film, and the more film we watch the more we will be able to read that language. The noir iconography in this opening sequence is not explicit until the scenes in the office, but it is always there.

To Measure the Immune Response essays

To Measure the Immune Response essays To Measure the Immune Response, through Lysozyme Activity and Leucocyte Counts in Atlantic salmon infected with ADG, Neoparamoeba pemaquidensis Neoparamoeba pemaquidensis is an amoeboid protozoan that causes amoebic gill disease (AGD) in salmonids in several different countries (Mundy et., 2001). AGD is the main disease affecting the salmon industry in Australia (Powell & Clark 2004), and is the most important infectious disease affecting sea-caged salmon in Tasmania (Findlay & Munday 1998) it has been reported that pre-existing gill lesions and other amoebae may play a role in the pathogenesis of this disease (Munday et al. 1990), Little information is available on the epidemiology of AGD and the biology of Neoparamoeba pemaquidensis the aetiological organism of AGD. The disease appears as white mucoid patches on the surface of the gill lamellae, with pronounced mucous production (Mundy et al 1990). N. pemaquidensis has been associated with sever gill disease and significant mortalities among salmon reared in seawater (Bruno and Poppe, 1996). The immune response of a fish is strong and measurable (Kuby 1997). The non-speci fic, innate arm of the immune system exists to either prevent pathogens from entering the host or prevent multiplication and colonization of the microbe within the host (Kuby 1997). Innate immunity comprises four types of defensive barriers (Anatomic barriers, physiological barriers Phagocytic and endocytic barriers). Phagocytic and endocytic barriers consist of cells that phagocytose or endocytose foreign macromolecules and break them down, and specialized phagocytic cells (monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils) (Kuby 1997). Leucocytes can be classed as neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes and thrombocytes. Lymphocytes can be broken down into two populations of both Band T lymphocytes which recognise antigens and therefore produce the reciprocal antibody and stimulants such as cytokines, which inturn stimulates t...

Interoffice Memo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Interoffice Memo - Essay Example I do believe that law enforcement agents can be an asset in this field of investigation where digital evidence need to be handled with care much like any physical evidence should be handled in order to be assured that evidence would not be tampered with from the time it is collected unto the time that the evidence is used in court. As you have informed me, your team is not computer-trained. This should not stop your team from broadening the scope of their responsibility. It used to be that only people who are highly trained in computers are able to assist in such cases of crime as involves computers or data objects found in computer files. However, due to the proliferation of computer crimes in recent years, it has become quite impractical to be only employing the "experts" as it slows down the investigation process. It is not only impractical; it becomes quite unreasonable to have a few experts perform these duties by themselves (O'Shea, n.d.). Thus it has become necessary that law enforcement agents also be involved in the "chain of custody" in a crime scene where computers are directly involved. In this connection it would be a good thing to come together and discuss vital issues on the management of digital evidence. Your law enforcement team could undergo basic training on how to recognize, seize, transport and store original evidence in order to preserve it for forensic examination. Details of this training will be discussed in a meeting that I hope to soon have with your team. But in a nutshell, let me lay out what I hope would give you an overview of how your law enforcement team could participate in the investigation of the case at hand. Seizure Methodology Let us discuss seizure methodology. Traditionally, the first thing that must be done is to secure the physical scene, followed by securing the digital scene. In such a scenario, "all hardware and media are seized, documented, labeled and packaged for delivery to the lab" (O'Shea, n.d.). In the lab, all seized data is analyzed. This is the simplest chain of duties to be done. This, however, works well if there is only a single computer or a few computers involved. In our case where a number of computers are involved, the methodology becomes a bit more detailed because seizing all the computers would be quite impractical to do. In the event where there are a handful of computers involved, the following steps are involved: digital media identification, prioritizing the physical media so as to minimize the crime scene and then the seizure of storage devices and media. In digital media identification we simply try to find the digital media that has the highest probability of having the much sought after evidence. After the identification of all possible media involved, it must be determined which among these contain information leading to the crime. It would be impractical to get all the devices at the

How to Expand and Improve the Market of Preschool Education and Adult Research Paper

How to Expand and Improve the Market of Preschool Education and Adult Education - Research Paper Example The paper tells that preschool education focuses on taking care of kids on behalf of their parents and teaching them the simplified basic education. These kids, apart from learning, will be fed and cleaned in these schools. Adult education entails providing knowledge to people of over eighteen years old and with low education level. These people are taught how to write, read and do a simple calculation. They can also be educated on various topics regarding life such as health, hygiene, and agriculture and drug abuse. A successful adult education system requires a properly planned, well organized and working program. Preschool and adult education is a new business opportunity in the modern world and should be exploited. Currently, this system of preschool and adult education has already seen some success in different parts of the world. However, this sector needs to be expanded and improved remarkably. The expansion can include setting up the fully equipped school with buildings and a ll the facilities as well as enough staff to carry out all the activities of the institution. The idea is to come up with an institution that will cater for both children and adult classes simultaneously. The institutions can be combined or built separately depending on the available land. These institutions will offer both education and other services such as a provision of meals and drinks to the students. The future prospect of these institutions is very promising because everyone in the current world is yearning for knowledge. To the young career mothers, it is an excellent opportunity as they can get adequate time to attend to their jobs without having to worry about a nanny. The increasing number of career women has led to an even earlier age introduction of kids in preschool education at a very tender age of fewer than 3 years old. The older people who have less education are also so ready to embrace these services so that they are not left behind in the fast transforming wor ld.

Tanning. Why do people still tan after knowing all the bad effects Essay

Tanning. Why do people still tan after knowing all the bad effects - Essay Example Within the same era as that of Shakespeare, Elizabeth I passed away from white lead cosmetics. Such concept of beauty was also prevalent in Europe during much of the 18th and 19th centuries. This was because tanned skin signifies manual labor, of people who toil under the sun, the fair skinned people were regarded as the elite of the society. However, it was only when the labor practice has changed, where indoor work had become a norm, that tanned skinned became a trademark of people who can afford to do it for leisure purposes. Iconic figure Coco Channel during the 1920's accidentally acquired a tan during one of her holidays. This has had ignited a fad among fair skinned people to get themselves tanned. ( Wikipedia ) The first and the most common is sunburn, where the usual symptoms are marked by the redness of skin and peeling that takes places after a few days of too much sun exposure. This is described to be as a short-term skin damage. The next problem encountered is the premature aging or photoaging. ... Another one that is most dreaded by all is skin cancer. One type is called melanoma which is considered to be the less common but dangerous form of skin cancer that can cause death. UV radiation causes cancer in two ways : 1. By damaging DNA cells that will cause abnormal growth in the skin, that could be benign or malignant, and 2. by making the immune system weak that leads to the inability of the body to defend itself from aggressive cancer cells. Another kind of growth named actinic or solar keratoses is a concern because it has the tendency to develop into cancer cells. Then another risk which most people are not aware of is eye damage. This happens when the eyes weren't protected from the heat of the sun. It causes cataract characterized by the clouding of the lens of the eyes thereby blocking one's vision. Lastly, most people regardless of the race or skin color will most like suffer from immune suppression where the body's natural defenses to fight against diseases were compromised. Apparently, weak immune system makes one susceptible to different diseases where one of them could be skin cancer. (U.S. Food and Drug Administration) Reasons Why People Tan Despite Risks Robin Hornung and Solmaz Poorsattar, students of the University of Washington, conducted a study among 385 UW students about their tanning behaviors. It was revealed that 75% of the students do tanning in order to look good and 41% specified it is a relaxation technique. Due to these reasons, students strive to achieve their aim that the researchers described it to be an addictive behavior. ( Paras ) Steven Feldman, a lead researcher for the Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center , said that they believed that tanning has a