Salic Law Prohibiting Female Inheritance of Titles

As commonly used, Salic Law refers to a tradition in some royal families of Europe which prohibited females and descendants in the female line from inheriting land, titles, and offices.    The actual Salic Law, Lex Salica,  a pre-Roman Germanic code from the Salian Franks and instituted under Clovis, dealt with property inheritance, but not the passing of titles.   It did not explicitly refer to the monarchy in dealing with inheritance. Background In early medieval times, Germanic nations created legal codes, influenced by both Roman legal codes and Christian canon law.   The Salic law, originally passed down through oral tradition and less influenced by Roman and Christian tradition, was issued in the 6th century C.E. in written form in Latin by the Merovingian Frankish King Clovis I.   It was a comprehensive legal code, covering such major legal areas as inheritance, property rights, and penalties for offenses against property or persons. In the section on inheritance, women were excluded from being able to inherit land.   Nothing was mentioned about inheriting titles, nothing was mentioned about the monarchy.   Of Salic land no portion of the  inheritance shall come to a woman: but the whole inheritance of the land shall come to the male sex. (The Law of the Salian Franks) French legal scholars, inheriting the Frankish code, evolved the law over time, including translating it into Old High German and then French for easier use. England vs. France: Claims on the French Throne In the 14th century, this exclusion of women from being able to inherit land, combined with Roman law and customs and church law excluding women from priestly offices, began to be applied more consistently. When King Edward III of England claimed the French throne through the descent of his mother,  Isabella, this claim was rejected in France. The French King Charles IV died in 1328, Edward III was the only other grandson surviving of King Philip III of France.   Edwards mother Isabella was the sister of Charles IV; their father was Philip IV. But the French nobles, citing French tradition, passed over Edward III and instead crowned as king Philip VI of Valois, the eldest son of Philip IVs brother Charles, Count of Valois.    The English and the French had been at odds through much of history since William the Conqueror, Duke of the French territory of Normandy, seized the English throne, and claimed other territories including, through the marriage of Henry II, Aquitaine. Edward III used what he considered an unjust theft of his inheritance as an excuse to begin an outright military conflict with France, and thus began the Hundred Years War. First Explicit Assertion of Salic Law In 1399, Henry IV, a grandson of Edward III through his son, John of Gaunt, usurped the English throne from his cousin, Richard II, son of Edward IIIs eldest son, Edward, the Black Prince, who predeceased his father.   The enmity between France and England remained, and after France supported Welsh rebels, Henry began to assert his right to the French throne, also because of his ancestry through Isabella, mother of Edward III and queen consort of Edward II. A French document which argues against the English kings claim to France, written in 1410 to oppose Henry IVs claim, is the first explicit mention of Salic Law as being the reason for denying the title of king to pass through a woman.   In 1413, Jean de Montreuil, in his Treaty Against the English, added a new clause to the legal code to support the Valois claim to exclude Isabellas descendants. This allowed women to inherit personal property only, and excluded them from inheriting landed property, which would also exclude them from inheriting titles that brought land with them. The Hundred Years War between France and England did not end until 1443. Effects: Examples France and Spain, especially in the houses of Valois and Bourbon, followed the Salic Law.   When Louis XII died, his daughter Claude became Queen of France when he died without a surviving son, but only because her father had seen her married to his male heir,  Francis, Duke of Angoulà ªme. Salic law did not apply to some areas of France, including Brittany and Navarre. Anne of Brittany (1477 - 1514) inherited the duchy when her father left no sons.   (She was the Queen of France through two marriages, including her second to Louis XII; she was the mother of Louis daughter Claude, who, unlike her mother, could not inherit her fathers title and lands.) When Bourbon Spanish queen  Isabella II  succeeded to the throne, after the Salic Law was rescinded, the Carlists rebelled. When Victoria became Queen of England, succeeding her uncle George IV, she could not also succeed her uncle to become  ruler of Hanover, as English kings back to George I had been, because the house of Hanover followed the Salic Law.

Tao Qian, Also Known As Tao Yuan-Ming, Was A Chinese Poet

Tao Qian, also known as Tao Yuan-ming, was a Chinese poet of the Six Dynasties period. Tao was well versed in the classics of Confucianism and Daoism, which is evident in his poetry. However, he wasn’t known for the extent of his knowledge but for his distinctive voice as a poet of transition and reclusion. Throughout his life, he held and resigned several minor posts before his ultimate decision to renounce public life and â€Å"return to his gardens and fields† (Owen 1996, 312). As the founder of the poetry of â€Å"fields and gardens,† Tao’s writing revolves around nature as a philosophy and as a way of life that embodies the simplicity of living in recluse, away from the chaos of high society. He uses the philosophy of nature not only to retell†¦show more content†¦Many of Tao Qian’s poems illustrate a life of farming and drinking wine, encompassing themes that urge its audience to remove themselves from official life, move to the count ryside, and take up a cultivated life of drinking wine, writing poetry, and avoiding the complicated aspects of life such as working in high society. Earlier scholars believed that Tao was â€Å"neither Confucian nor this-worldly, neither egocentric nor defiant, neither gallant nor stubborn, Tao is contented, free from the unnatural, he has got all Nature can offer† (Lu 2017). It is evident in Tao Qian’s poetry that he utilized nature as a means to escape what reality had to offer, corruption and political instability, as opposed to his own idea of utopia or a simple, easy life in recluse. Tao’s â€Å"An Account of Peach Blossom Spring,† has remained a famous piece of Chinese writing throughout history about the discovery of an otherworldly utopia in which the populace led an ideal existence in harmony with nature, unaware of the outside world. Unlike reality at the time, where the â€Å"tension between the state and the individual had developed fullyâ €  (Owen 1995, 309), Tao’s Peach Blossom Spring is a tranquil magic otherworldly world that idealized a world of freedom and simplicity. He describes this world as â€Å"The land was broad and level, and there were cottages neatly arranged. There were good fields and lovely pools, withShow MoreRelatedCciv5042 Words   |  21 Pagesfrom Song to Qing Dynasty Hee Dam Yoon (52775031) Song Dynasty The Song Dynasty was the golden age of landscape painting in Chinese history. Many artists developed landscape painting during Five Dynasties so, the development in the Song period was smoothly started. Especially emperor Song Huizong enjoyed contribution on art cultivation during the Song Dynasty, so, the soaring of Chinese landscape painting was possible (Hough, â€Å"Sung Dynasty (1960-1179)†). Features of this period are vision of

Tay Sachs Is Fatal Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

By 2 years, Dj responded to auditor cues more than ocular 1s. He no longer could keep up his caput or perform simple activities such as turning the pages of a book.Nystagmus and a â€Å" cherry ruddy † was noticed by the paediatric eye doctor by so which would farther assist in his diagnosing. We will write a custom essay sample on Tay Sachs Is Fatal Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now By this clip, he had regressed to a six months developmental degree ; his balance and vision were truly acquiring worse. At 2yrs, Dj was diagnosed with Tay Sachs by the brain doctor after his changeless visits and ratings. After this diagnosing a Deoxyribonucleic acid analysis for DJ was done to seek to happen the exact defect. A ruddy cell and leucocyte hex A degrees for his parents was done every bit good, to corroborate that both of them were bearers which was proven three hebdomads subsequently. The exact mutant in DJ could non be found which was non a surprise as more than 50 known mutants for this disease be but the research labs in the United States routinely trial for merely nine of the most common 1s. By two and a half old ages, his weight increased from 20 pounds at 2yrs to 25 lbs and he grew a few inches taller. At this pointing clip he had ictuss and experient minutes of agitating when being moved. Excess mucous secretion began constructing up in his pharynx which would subsequently after his lungs and external respiration. He was placed on Diamox for 6 months by so which aided him a spot with grow. His get downing physiological reactions weakened and congestion increased. He was besides placed on a tranquillizer which assisted in diminishing his shudders. By 3 year, he used a suction machine to take the extra mucous secretion so that he could be fed passed. His developments were being delayed further and he developed pneumonia as he became more susceptible to infections. As Dj turned four old ages, he no longer ate chiefly by oral cavity, but took repasts through a NG tubing. Although he did non take medicine to command his ictuss, he now took three medicines daily for other symptoms of the disease: A DiamoxA to cut down the force per unit area on his encephalon, A RobinulA to command extra secernments, andA ZantacA to command the sourness in his stomach.DJ was by no agencies lethargic or vegetive which is common for kids around that age enduring from the disease. He was alert for most of the twenty-four hours, and he moved himself around a batch, turned his ain caput and stretched his organic structure at will. He was really loose, and did non hold a job with contractures or palsy. By 5yrs, DJ received his repasts and medicines through his NG months.A He took three medicines daily for symptoms of the disease: A DiamoxA ( acetazolamide ) to cut down the force per unit area on his encephalon, A robinulA ( glycopyrrolate ) to command extra secernments, andA ativanA ( Ativan ) to assist him kip at dark. He retained some scope of motion eg.turning his ain caput, yawning and stretching his whole organic structure. His parents exercised his carpuss and pess more as they tended to drop down. Daily therapy was given to him by his parents which assisted in diminishing his ictus episodes and retaining some physical motion. Due to limited gesture he developed force per unit area sores as he invariably slept on one side of his organic structure. As small Dj approached his sixth birthday he started holding jobs such stiffness with contractures. It became really hard for him to make certain actions such as dividing his articulatio genuss or conveying his custodies away from his thorax as his shoulder blades would lift when his weaponries were lifted. He was still undergoing physical therapy in order to seek opening up his thorax to do it easier for him to take a breath. Gentle scope of gesture exercisings for his pess and custodies were done to loosen up the articulation in these countries. He experienced acidic belch as good which was discomforting for him. A few yearss before his birthday, Dj became one more statistic for Tay sachs. 1Today, most patients are seen in households with no anterior history of the disease because the recessionary cistron can be carried without being expressed through many coevalss. Carrier testing and familial guidance have made this disease rare in those at known hazard. While there are certain populations at higher hazard, A anyoneA can be a Tay-Sachs bearer. Pathogenesis and Symptoms Tay sachs is a fatal autosomal recessionary familial upset in kids that causes the progressive devastation of the cardinal nervous system due to mutants in the HEXA cistron which encodes the alpha sub unit of the lysosomalA enzymeA beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase A. ( 3 ) In order to get the disease, both parents must be bearers of this mutauted HEX A which is to be inherited by an progeny. Possessing the 2 mutated HEX A is identified to be a 1 in 4 opportunity or 25 % .TheA HEXAA cistron provides instructions for doing portion of the enzyme beta-hexosaminidase A, which plays a of import portion in the encephalon and spinal cord. This enzyme is located in lysosomes which is why the disease is classified as a lysosomal storage disease or GM2 gangliosidosis. ( 2 ) Within the lysosomes, beta-hexosaminidase A helps interrupt down a fatty substance GM2 ganglioside. Mutants in theA HEXAA cistron disrupt the activity of beta-hexosaminidase A, which prevents the enzyme from interrupting down GM2 ganglioside. As a consequence, this substance accumulates to toxic degrees, peculiarly in nerve cells in the encephalon and spinal cord. Progressive harm caused by the buildup of GM2 ganglioside leads to the devastation of these nerve cells, which causes the marks and symptoms of Tay-Sachs disease.[ 2 ] Tay Sachs have been linked to about 90 mutants in the HEX A cistron with increasing Numberss. The type of mutants range from point mutants, omissions, splicing site mutants and many others. ( 1 ) Any of these mutants will merely increase the GM2 in the cells suppressing the map of the enzyme hexosaminidase.[ 3 ]A A four base brace interpolation inA exonA 11 ( 1278insTATC ) consequences in an alteredA reading frameA for the HEXA cistron. This mutant is the most prevailing mutant in the Ashkenazi Jewish population, and leads to the childish signifier of Tay-Sachs disease.[ 4 ]A mutant that is unrelated to the prevailing Ashkenazi mutant, a long sequence omission, occurs with similar frequence in households with Gallic Canadian lineage, and has the same pathological effects.This depicts that the fluctuations in the different mutants may hold similar symptoms. The different mutants may besides impact the type of Tay sachs which occurs. Three different types of Tay sachs has been identified ; childish, juvenile and grownup oncoming. Each is characterized by assorted mutants at different phases of the life rhythm. The assorted types and symptoms associated with them as are follows: Childish TSD: InfantsA withA Tay-Sachs diseaseA appear to develop usually for the first six months of life. Then, asA nerveA cells become distended with gangliosides, a grim impairment of mental and physical abilities occurs. The kid becomes blind, deaf, and unable to swallow.A MusclesA get down to atrophy andA paralysisA sets in. Death normally occurs before the age of five.[ 5 ] Late oncoming or Adult Onset ( LOTS ) ; seen in people between their 20s and 30s. This type is normally non-fatal and is seen due to diverse mutant forms. At first, the patient is heterozygous for the mutated cistron later developing two mutated HEXA cistrons that can demobilize, inhibit or change the actions of the hexosamamidase enzyme. This therefore illustrates that one time the patient has one transcript of the HEXAA geneA that still enables some hexosaminidase A activity, a ulterior onset signifier of the disease occurs. The symptoms typically are dysarthria, A proximalA ( bole ) A musculus failing, A tremorandA ataxy. Muscle spasms, particularly in the legs at dark, andA fasciculationsA ( musculus vellication ) are common. Not all symptoms are present in every person affected by the disease ; failing of the proximal musculuss, nevertheless, is a symptom common to all. Examples of trunk musculus failing may include trouble lifting from a sitting place, problem acquiring out of bed, fighting to equilibrate while acquiring dressed. Symptoms ofmanic-depressionA orA psychoticA episodes may be present in approximately 30 % of affected individuals.[ 6 ] Juvenile TSD ; mutants are similar to that found in the grownup onset type of TSD except that the disease occurs between the ages of 2 to 10 normally. This signifier of TSD is highly rare. They develop cognitive, motor, address, andA get downing troubles, ataxy and spasticity. These patients normally die between 5-15 old ages. Diagnosis During gestation, many antenatal trials can be used to name Tay-Sachs in the foetus before birth such as Amniocentesis and Chorionic Villus Sampling ( CVS ) .[ 7 ]Between the 10th and 12th hebdomads of gestation, an anticipant female parent can acquire a chorionic villus sampling, or CVS, in which a little sample of the placenta is drawn into a needle or a little tubing for analysis. A reddish topographic point in the dorsum of the oculus is displayed and is clearly seeable when viewed by an eye doctor or an oculist. In childish TSD patients, parents normally notice developmental holds but baby doctors frequently dismiss these concerns as normal slow developments. Around 10-14 months of age, TSD patients exhibit problem trailing or concentrating their eyes, which leads to an ophthalmologist visit. The reddish topographic point is rapidly seen and an initial diagnosing of Tay-Sachs or similar annihilating disease is made. Genetecist and brain doctor can normally name this disease every bit good due to the complications noted. Children with Juvenile Tay-Sachs or late oncoming TSD OR grownup TSD with chronic complications normally take a longer clip period to be diagnosed. . Many affected kids and grownups express assorted emotions when eventually acquiring a diagnosing. The enzyme check is a biochemical trial that measures the degree of enzyme in a individual ‘s blood. Babies, kids and grownups have low or non-existent degrees of Hex-A in their organic structure fluid and cells are diagnosed with Tay-Sachs. Low or non-existent degrees of Hex A enzyme will be noted in this disease.[ 8 ] An enzymatic trial can besides be done in order to look into the degree of enzymes in the blood. The public presentation of the HexA cistron can be checked in the serum and leucocytes. Treatment Tays Sachs has no remedy. The patients are merely treated in a mode which can help them in being comfy for the remainder of their lives. In add-on to this, household support can be given to assist the household members cope with the effects of this disease. Each of these intervention methods can be seen in our sample instance of small Dylan. Such methods are as follows ; 1 ) Medicines: used to forestall ictuss. Such medicines are tranquillizers, diamox ( for encephalon force per unit area alleviation ) , robinul ( extra secernment control e.g the extra mucous secretion ) 2 ) Respiratory attention: Tay-Sachs disease normally leads to an accretion of mucous secretion in the lungs. To cut down the sum of mucous secretion nowadays, thorax physical therapy ( CPT ) can be done. Parents of kids enduring from the disease are trained to transport out CPT. 9Children with Tay-Sachs disease are at high hazard of respiratory infections, which affect the lungs and cause external respiration jobs, and need to be carefully monitored and provided with prompt intervention. 3 ) Use of assistive devices: As seen in the instance of Dj, get downing physiological reactions weaken as the disease progresses doing it rather hard when feeding. Devicess can be used in order to feed the patients as the nutrient or fluid may come in the lungs doing sever respiratory jobs once more. The devices used are:[ 10 ] Nasogastric ( NG ) tubing this is a tubing inserted through the olfactory organ to the tummy. Transdermal Esophago-Gastrostomy ( PEG ) tubing PEG tubings are placed through the venters into the tummy during a surgical process that is normally done by a physician specializing in gastroenterology or radiology. This option is more lasting than the NG tubing. 4 ) Physical Therapy:[ 11 ]Physical therapy for musculus and joint stimulation which increases flexibleness and scope of gesture. This is done by rub downing the affected organic structure parts. This helps detain joint stiffness or contractures cut downing or detaining the loss of map or the hurting that can ensue from contractures. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.djhomepage.com/ hypertext transfer protocol: //ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/tay-sachs-disease hypertext transfer protocol: //www.goldbamboo.com/topic-t2982-a1-6Tay-Sachs_Disease.html hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ntsad.org/ hypertext transfer protocol: //www.mayoclinic.org/tay-sachs-disease/treatment.html hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tay % E2 % 80 % 93Sachs_disease hypertext transfer protocol: //kidshealth.org/parent/medical/genetic/tay_sachs.html # hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ntsad.org/S02/S02TS_diag.htm How to cite Tay Sachs Is Fatal Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Dramatic significance of this extract from The Crucible Essay Example For Students

Dramatic significance of this extract from The Crucible Essay Throughout the history of mankind, the misapplication of power, marring of souls has been a part of life. Human emotion is a major factor in prejudice, politics and persecution in modern day. Persecution can be defined in many ways, but no matter how it is defined it is a tragic event. The Crucible is a play set in 1692 in Salem, Massachusetts, written by Arthur Miller in 1953. It is based on the calamitous, witch trials of Salem, at which two young girls deceitfully accused a slave, Tituba of witchery. As a result callous accusations flew from every direction in the town resulting in almost two-dozen innocent men and women hanged and many more jailed. The extract I am studying lays the foundations for the rest of the play, upon which the story line is built on. It is in the first act and comprises the first three pages of the play. The excerpt shows the audience the first lies told in the play by Abigail It were a sport, uncle Betty Parris is still unconscious and is thought to be possessed by spirits. Abigail is denying any suspicion of her conjuring spirits. She is opposing against her uncle, saying he has mistaken himself of what he saw in the forest, You mistake yourself uncle. Her Uncle Rev Parris is determined to get to the bottom of this fiasco, due to the fact that his place in society is at stake, and his daughters life is at stake. From the passage we can see some light shed on the characters. These characteristics stick with each of them throughout the play. The two main characters in the extract are Abigail Williams and Rev Parris. The first act establishes the primary characters of the play who instigate the Salem witch trials. Each has his particular obsessions and motivations that drive him to push for the trials. The first and perhaps most reprehensible of these characters is the Reverend Samuel Parris, a man who symbolises the particular quality of moral repression and paranoia that characterise these trials. Miller immediately establishes Parris, as a man whose main concern is his daughter, for whom he shows little emotion. It is Tituba who shows more concern for Betty Parris My Betty be hearty soon? , than her father who rules this household. When he discusses finding Abigail and Betty dancing in the woods, his concern is not the sin that they committed, but rather the possibility that his enemies may use this sin against him .. for surely my enemies will, and they will ruin me with it. Parris will manifest a sharp paranoia concerning enemies, even when they may not exist. The particular quality of Parris that renders him dangerous is his strong belief in the presence of evil; even before the witchcraft paranoia, Procter indicates that Parris showed an obsession with damnation and hell in order to strike fear into his parishioners. With the seeming presence of witchcraft in Salem, Parris now has a concrete, physical manifestation of the evil he so fears. Abigail is a seventeen-year-old niece of Rev. Parris. She is malicious, caniving and a vengeful girl, who in an attempt to protect herself from punishment, instigates the Salem Witch trials and leads the charge of accusations. We see in the excerpt, that Abigail has no real regret of conjuring up spirits and will persevere to any lengths to discharge her name of witchcraft. She uses techniques such as sympathy, and acting to address the matter brought up by Rev. Parris. These two techniques are emphasised throughout the play during Abigails time in court and while talking to John Procter and the jury. Reverend Samuel Parris is depicted as weak, paranoid Do you understand that I have my enemies? and suspicious in the extract. He instigates the witchcraft paranoia when he finds his daughter and niece dancing in the woods with several other girls. Parris as a result is continually beset with fears that others conspire against him. .u17ac98c76a54abda4324d61bae0efec1 , .u17ac98c76a54abda4324d61bae0efec1 .postImageUrl , .u17ac98c76a54abda4324d61bae0efec1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u17ac98c76a54abda4324d61bae0efec1 , .u17ac98c76a54abda4324d61bae0efec1:hover , .u17ac98c76a54abda4324d61bae0efec1:visited , .u17ac98c76a54abda4324d61bae0efec1:active { border:0!important; } .u17ac98c76a54abda4324d61bae0efec1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u17ac98c76a54abda4324d61bae0efec1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u17ac98c76a54abda4324d61bae0efec1:active , .u17ac98c76a54abda4324d61bae0efec1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u17ac98c76a54abda4324d61bae0efec1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u17ac98c76a54abda4324d61bae0efec1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u17ac98c76a54abda4324d61bae0efec1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u17ac98c76a54abda4324d61bae0efec1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u17ac98c76a54abda4324d61bae0efec1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u17ac98c76a54abda4324d61bae0efec1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u17ac98c76a54abda4324d61bae0efec1 .u17ac98c76a54abda4324d61bae0efec1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u17ac98c76a54abda4324d61bae0efec1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: To what extent are Conflict and Love inextricably linked in the play 'Romeo and Juliet' by William Shakespeare? EssayWe see that in the extract even though he ironically does not believe Abigail about doing dancing and witchcraft I saw it! ,, he perpetuates all deception due to the fact that it is in his own self interest. This does show us the audience, that Rev Parris is not trustworthy as, if he can hide such a sinister thought of such from the community, he maybe holding many others, just to keep as Reverend of the town. From the characters in this play, I feel Arthur Miller does want the audience to create abstract ideas from them. One character in particular, which is not mentioned in the extract, but is an influential character in the play is John Procter. I feel Miller uses The Crucible to express his views on what was happening in America when the play was written in 1950s. The Red Scare was result of Senator McCarthy wanting to receive public attention, through an anti-Soviet Campaign which searched for people working among others that believed in communist views or someone who might know of such a person became a common act. This crusade itself was based upon non-existent claims that some workers were communists. The hunting down and persecuting of supposed communists were a mere attempt to increase Senator McCarthys political base. But just like Abigail Williams, his grip on the situation soon crumbled, leaving him disturbed and dishonoured. Arthur Miller engages the audience to a large extent, by toying with their emotions and allowing the audience to think about historical context of the play. For example at the end of each act Miller draws the curtain on the girls firing frenzy and false accusations of witchcraft against many women in Salem. Leaving the audience with climax at the end of each act enhances the play to be like a soap opera. This ensures that the audience gets deeper and deeper into the storyline. I feel, for a director to produce this play on stage is a huge task. Climatic scenes would have to be dealt with carefully to keep the audience interested, and the detail of the characters thought carefully to produce the full effect of this play. An extract such as the one given to me has to be analysed and such things as, lighting, sound, music, and actor look have to be taken in mind if the extract is to be produced successfully.